Schistostephium crataegifolium ( Compositae : Anthemideae ) , a new generic record for Angola

The African genus Schistostephium Less. (Lessing 1832:251) was revised by Harris (2012), who recognised eight species. Five of these have restricted distributions in South Africa and Swaziland, but three species are recorded from tropical Africa. Schistostephium oxylobum S. Moore (1911:117) occurs in the eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe and neighbouring Mozambique, and Schistostephium heptalobum Oliv. & Hiern (Oliver & Hiern 1877:399) is found in southern Zambia, northern and eastern Zimbabwe and central Mozambique. Schistostephium crataegifolium (DC.) Fenzl ex Harv. (De Candolle 1838:134; Harvey 1865:169) is by far the most widely distributed species in the genus and ranges from southern Tanzania and the Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of Congo through to the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. However, neither this species nor indeed the genus has been recorded from Angola, Botswana or Namibia (Figueiredo, Beentje & Ortíz 2008; Harris 2012; Setshogo 2005).


Introduction
The African genus Schistostephium Less.(Lessing 1832:251) was revised by Harris (2012), who recognised eight species.Five of these have restricted distributions in South Africa and Swaziland, but three species are recorded from tropical Africa.Schistostephium oxylobum S. Moore (1911:117) occurs in the eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe and neighbouring Mozambique, and Schistostephium heptalobum Oliv.& Hiern (Oliver & Hiern 1877:399) is found in southern Zambia, northern and eastern Zimbabwe and central Mozambique.Schistostephium crataegifolium (DC.)Fenzl ex Harv.(De Candolle 1838:134;Harvey 1865:169) is by far the most widely distributed species in the genus and ranges from southern Tanzania and the Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of Congo through to the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.However, neither this species nor indeed the genus has been recorded from Angola, Botswana or Namibia (Figueiredo, Beentje & Ortíz 2008;Harris 2012;Setshogo 2005).
Schistostephium can be distinguished from related genera in the subtribe Cotulinae Kitt by its fourlobed rather than five-lobed corollas.All species are herbs or shrubs, and specific delimitation relies on vegetative characters, on the shape and size of the capitulum and the number of florets.Schistostephium crataegifolium has deeply dissected leaves distributed along the main stem and relatively small, non-cylindrical capitula.

Material
The specimen was collected in May 2013, during fieldwork in the Cusseque core site for the Future Okavango Project, in one central 100 m 2 subplot of a 20 m × 50 m plot (Felfili, Carvalho & Haidar 2005).The other two records were collected in a general walking survey method (Filgueiras et al. 1994).Fertile material was collected and prepared using traditional botanical methods (Fish 1999;Victor et al. 2004).A set of duplicate specimens was prepared and sent to Kew Herbarium, where the specimen was determined.

Procedure
The collection was identified in consultation with the author of the recent taxonomic revision of Schistostephium, applying the characters listed in that work, and by comparison of the material with herbarium collections at Kew, British Museum of Natural History (BM) and electronic Background: The African genus Schistostephium has eight species in southern and south tropical Africa.The most widely distributed species, Schistostephium crataegifolium, occurs in upland or montane areas towards the eastern side of the continent.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to document a new geographic distribution record of this species from the Bié Plateau of central Angola.
Method: Specimens of S. crataegifolium were collected near Chitembo, Bié Province, during fieldwork for the Future Okavango Project grant 01LL0912A, task SP05, a project aimed at providing scientific support for sustainable land and resource management of the Okavango basin of Angola, Namibia and Botswana.The specimen was identified at the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.

Results:
The collection represents a new generic record for Angola, which is disjunct from the nearest population in Katanga by approximately 1000 km.

Conclusion:
New generic records such as this underline the need for basic botanical inventories in the large, ecologically diverse but poorly documented country of Angola.

Read online:
Scan this QR code with your smart phone or mobile device to read online.resources available through JStor Plants and the LISC online catalogue.The specimen was mounted and labelled in LUBA, the barcode was created from collector number and printed in Zebra Printer (TLP 2844), the digitalisation was done in a Scan Epson (10000 XL), following JStor protocols, and the resultant image was saved in standardised format.2004), and all other national and international relevant instruments concerning biodiversity were taken into consideration.

Conclusion
This new generic record for Angola is a reflection of the uneven collecting activity and consequent inadequacies in the documentation of the flora of this large and ecologically diverse country.Despite the relatively recent publication of a national checklist of vascular plants (Figueiredo & Smith 2008), field surveys in several parts of the country conducted by the last author (D.J.G.) and colleagues have added over 70 species to this list and many potentially new species.All botanical inventories undertaken by this author in Angola over the last 5 years have resulted in new records for the country or for regions within it.
Source: Francisco M.P. Gonçalves photo archive Collection of biological materials in Angola is not currently regulated by specific legislation.The project during which the material was collected comes under the framework of a bilateral agreement between Angola, represented by the Instituto Superior de Ciências de Educação da Huíla (ISCED -Huíla) in Lubango, and Germany, represented by the University of Hamburg (UHH).Transfer of biological material to Kew was approved by Provincial Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Environment.All International Conventions, to which Angola is signatory, such as Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (1973), Convention on Biological Diversity (1992), International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture ( 1984; background: RapidEye high resoluƟon satellite imagery, recoreded 1st May 2013.We acknowledge the DLR for the provision of the data from the RepidEye Science Archive.Source: DLR-German Aerospace Center; RapidEye Science Archive Note: Okavango basin follows the definition of the 'The Future Okavango' project (http://www.future-okavango.org,Wehberg & Weinzierl 2013).

FIGURE 1 :
FIGURE 1: Location of the Okavango basin in southern Africa and the Cusseque core site denoted in red, where Schistostephium crataegifolium was collected.
Schistostephium crataegifolium occurs from the Eastern Cape of South Africa through to southern Tanzania and the Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of Congo, mostly following the more upland or montane regions towards the eastern side of the continent.The new record represents a westward disjunction of around 1000 km from Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo) to the Bié Plateau of central Angola (Figure1), where it occurs at moderate altitude (c.1560 m) in an area with mean annual precipitation of around 1000 mm per year(Gröngröft et al. 2013;Weber 2013).Two other records were made by a team member in the study area (13.699870 S, 17. 074210 E) and close by Comuna do Mumbué