Original Research

A broad-scale structural classification of vegetation for practical purposes

E. Edwards
Bothalia | Vol 14, No 3/4 | a1231 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v14i3/4.1231 | © 1983 E. Edwards | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 03 November 1983 | Published: 06 November 1983

About the author(s)

E. Edwards, Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, South Africa

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Abstract

An a priori system is presented for the broad structural classification of vegetation. The objectives are to provide a descriptive, consistent, easily applied system, with unambiguous, straight-forward terminology, which can be used in the field and with remote sensing and air photo techniques, and which can be used in conjuction with floristic and habitat terms to convey the essential physiognomy and structure of the vegetation. The attributes used are a primary set of four growth forms, a set of four projected crown cover classes, and a set of four height classes for each growth form. In addition, shrub substratum is used to define thicket and bushland. Special growth forms, substrata!, leaf and other attributes can be readily incorporated to extend the two-way table system where such detail is needed.


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75. Plant communities and veld condition of Glencoe farm in the North-Eastern Cape Grasslands Priority areas, South Africa
T.S. Nsibande, S.E. Nkosi
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 161  first page: 161  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2023.07.059

76. Impact of elephant on two woody trees, Boscia oleoides and Pappea capensis, in an arid thicket-Nama Karoo mosaic, Greater Addo Elephant National Park
Marietjie Landman, Angela Gaylard, Thando Mendela, Graham I.H. Kerley
Koedoe  vol: 56  issue: 1  year: 2014  
doi: 10.4102/koedoe.v56i1.1231

77. Fuels and fire behavior dynamics on large‐scale savanna fires in Kruger National Park, South Africa
B. J. Stocks, B. W. van Wilgen, W. S. W. Trollope, D. J. McRae, J. A. Mason, F. Weirich, A. L. F. Potgieter
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres  vol: 101  issue: D19  first page: 23541  year: 1996  
doi: 10.1029/95JD01734

78. A new species of Combretum from Venda and taxonomic notes on the section Angustimarginata (Combretaceae)
A.E. van Wyk
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 3  issue: 2  first page: 125  year: 1984  
doi: 10.1016/S0022-4618(16)30067-5

79. Temperate forest plants are associated with heterogeneous semi-open canopy conditions shaped by large herbivores
Szymon Czyżewski, Jens-Christian Svenning
Nature Plants  vol: 11  issue: 5  first page: 985  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1038/s41477-025-01981-3

80. Species richness and plant communities of the Helichrysum rugulosum–Hyparrhenia hirta Low-altitude grassland of northern KwaZulu-Natal
H.C. Eckhardt, N. van Rooyen, G.J. Bredenkamp
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 62  issue: 6  first page: 296  year: 1996  
doi: 10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30669-4

81. The physical environment and plant communities of the Messina Experimental Farm
B. Dekker, N. van Rooyen
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 61  issue: 3  first page: 158  year: 1995  
doi: 10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30502-0

82. Mapping plant communities of the Karoo National Park, South Africa, using Sentinel-2 and topo-morphological data
Hugo Bezuidenhout, Theunis Morgenthal, Tineke Kraaij, Leslie R Brown
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 173  first page: 295  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2024.08.021

83. Evaluating the potential of the red edge channel for C3 (Festuca spp.) grass discrimination using Sentinel-2 and Rapid Eye satellite image data
Charles Otunga, John Odindi, Onisimo Mutanga, Clement Adjorlolo
Geocarto International  vol: 34  issue: 10  first page: 1123  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1080/10106049.2018.1474274

84. The physical environment and major plant communities of the Vredefort–Kroonstad–Lindley–Heilbron area, northern Orange Free State
E.R. Fuls, G.J. Bredenkamp, N. van Rooyen, G.K. Theron
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 58  issue: 5  first page: 317  year: 1992  
doi: 10.1016/S0254-6299(16)30817-1

85. Long-term landscape changes in vegetation structure: fire management in the wetlands of KwaMbonambi, South Africa
LB Luvuno, DC Kotze, KP Kirkman
African Journal of Aquatic Science  vol: 41  issue: 3  first page: 279  year: 2016  
doi: 10.2989/16085914.2016.1177482

86. Plant communities of the Ad land type in the Newcastle – Memel – Chelmsford Dam area
C.M. Smit, G.J. Bredenkamp, N. van Rooyen
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 59  issue: 2  first page: 116  year: 1993  
doi: 10.1016/S0254-6299(16)30745-1

87. The cooling effect potential of urban river reserve in Johor, Malaysia
Siti Rahmah Omar, Johan Sohaili, Nur Fadilah Darmansah, Yaacob Haryati, Mohd Yunus Nor Zurairahetty, Ibrahim Izni Syahrizal
MATEC Web of Conferences  vol: 250  first page: 06002  year: 2018  
doi: 10.1051/matecconf/201825006002

88. On the Suitability of MODIS Time Series Metrics to Map Vegetation Types in Dry Savanna Ecosystems: A Case Study in the Kalahari of NE Namibia
Christian Hüttich, Ursula Gessner, Martin Herold, Ben J. Strohbach, Michael Schmidt, Manfred Keil, Stefan Dech
Remote Sensing  vol: 1  issue: 4  first page: 620  year: 2009  
doi: 10.3390/rs1040620

89. Differentiating geological fertility derived vegetation zones in Kruger National Park, South Africa, using Landsat and MODIS imagery
Christopher Munyati, Thihanedzwi Ratshibvumo
Journal for Nature Conservation  vol: 18  issue: 3  first page: 169  year: 2010  
doi: 10.1016/j.jnc.2009.08.001

90. Description of reference conditions for restoration projects of riparian vegetation from the species-rich fynbos biome
E.J.J. Sieben, M.K. Reinecke
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 74  issue: 3  first page: 401  year: 2008  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2008.01.176

91. Woodlands in South Africa and the National Forests Act
Charlie M. Shackleton
The Southern African Forestry Journal  vol: 187  issue: 1  first page: 19  year: 2000  
doi: 10.1080/10295925.2000.9631252

92. The impacts of past cultivation on the reptiles in a South African grassland
Gavin P. R. Masterson, Bryan Maritz, Darian Mackay, Graham J. Alexander
African Journal of Herpetology  vol: 58  issue: 2  first page: 71  year: 2009  
doi: 10.1080/21564574.2009.9650027

93. The phytosociology and structure of vegetation near Villa Nora, north-western Transvaal, South Africa
A.G. Schmidt, G.K. Theron, W. van Hoven
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 59  issue: 5  first page: 500  year: 1993  
doi: 10.1016/S0254-6299(16)30695-0

94. Facilitation or Competition? Effects of Lions on Brown Hyaenas and Leopards
Janelle Bashant, Michael Somers, Lourens Swanepoel, Fredrik Dalerum
Diversity  vol: 12  issue: 9  first page: 325  year: 2020  
doi: 10.3390/d12090325

95. Vegetation and habitat types of the Umkhanyakude Node
T.L. Morgenthal, K. Kellner, L. van Rensburg, T.S. Newby, J.P.A. van der Merwe
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 72  issue: 1  first page: 1  year: 2006  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2005.03.003

96. Riparian-zone rehabilitation in pine plantations: Grasslandvswoodland for plants and birds
G. Malan, E. Meyer, M. D. Panagos
South African Journal of Wildlife Research  vol: 37  issue: 2  first page: 159  year: 2007  
doi: 10.3957/0379-4369-37.2.159

97. Degradation of the semi-arid grasslands of southern Africa
O.J.H. Bosch
Journal of Arid Environments  vol: 16  issue: 2  first page: 165  year: 1989  
doi: 10.1016/S0140-1963(18)31023-1

98. Review article: Vegetative growth, reproduction, browse production and response to tree clearing of woody plants in African savanna
G.N. Smit, N.F.G. Rethman, A. Moore
African Journal of Range & Forage Science  vol: 13  issue: 2  first page: 78  year: 1996  
doi: 10.1080/10220119.1996.9647902

99. Stochastic processes dominate bacterial and fungal community assembly in ultra-high-altitude areas of southeast Tibet
Wenzu Liu, Zhuonan Hou, Xinjun Zhang, Ruihong Wang, Mengyao Dong, Daqing Luo, Yuquan Wei
Ecological Indicators  vol: 173  first page: 113394  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113394

100. A new distribution and host record for the rare moth, Callioratis millari (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), and some ecological observations
Paul Duvel Janse van Rensburg, Hugo Bezuidenhout, Tommie Steyn, Johnnie van den Berg, Therese Poland
Environmental Entomology  vol: 53  issue: 2  first page: 305  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1093/ee/nvae008

101. An approach to tree thinning to structure southern African savannas for long-term restoration from bush encroachment
G.N Smit
Journal of Environmental Management  vol: 71  issue: 2  first page: 179  year: 2004  
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.02.005

102. Two new cryptic species ofbreviceps(Anura: Microhylidae) from Southern Africa
Leslie R. Minter
African Journal of Herpetology  vol: 52  issue: 1  first page: 9  year: 2003  
doi: 10.1080/21564574.2003.9635473

103. An improved cover determination method using the Plant Number Scale classes
R.H. Westfall
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 64  issue: 4  first page: 261  year: 1998  
doi: 10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30891-7

104. Short‐term effects of cattle‐to‐sheep ratio and stocking rate on patch grazing in sour grassveld
M.B. Hardy
African Journal of Range & Forage Science  vol: 12  issue: 3  first page: 121  year: 1995  
doi: 10.1080/10220119.1995.9647879

105. A reclassification and description of the Waterberg Mountain vegetation of the Marakele National Park, Limpopo province, South Africa
Petrus J. van Staden, George J. Bredenkamp, Hugo Bezuidenhout, Leslie R. Brown
KOEDOE - African Protected Area Conservation and Science  vol: 63  issue: 1  year: 2021  
doi: 10.4102/koedoe.v63i1.1689

106. Predicting the distribution of C3 (Festuca spp.) grass species using topographic variables and binary logistic regression model
Charles Otunga, John Odindi, Onisimo Mutanga, Clement Adjorlolo, Jacobus Botha
Geocarto International  vol: 33  issue: 5  first page: 489  year: 2018  
doi: 10.1080/10106049.2016.1265598

107. A reassessment of the fire‐tolerance of some miombo woody species in the Central Province, Zambia
A. E. Cauldwell, U. Zieger
African Journal of Ecology  vol: 38  issue: 2  first page: 138  year: 2000  
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2028.2000.00232.x

108. A syntaxonomic and synecological account of the vegetation of the eastern Cape midlands
A.R. Palmer
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 57  issue: 2  first page: 76  year: 1991  
doi: 10.1016/S0254-6299(16)30966-8