Original Research

Changes in the composition and distribution of alien plants in South Africa: An update from the Southern African Plant Invaders Atlas

Lesley Henderson, John R.U. Wilson
Bothalia | Vol 47, No 2 | a2172 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i2.2172 | © 2017 Lesley Henderson, John R.U. Wilson | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 06 September 2016 | Published: 31 March 2017

About the author(s)

Lesley Henderson, Agricultural Research Council – Plant Protection Research Institute, South Africa
John R.U. Wilson, South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Kirstenbosch Research Centre; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Abstract

Background: Data on alien species status and occurrence are essential variables for the monitoring and reporting of biological invasions. The Southern African Plant Invaders Atlas (SAPIA) Project has, over the past 23 years, atlassed alien plants growing outside of cultivation.
Objectives: To document changes in the alien plant taxa recorded in SAPIA, assess trends in invasive distributions and explore effects of management and regulations.
Method: The numbers of alien plant taxa recorded were compared between May 2006 and May 2016, and changes in the extent of invasions at a quarter-degree squares (qds) scale were compared between 2000 and 2016. The effectiveness of regulations and interventions was assessed in terms of the relative change in the extent of invasions.
Results: As of May 2016, SAPIA had records for 773 alien plant taxa, an increase of 172 since 2006. Between 2000 and 2016, the number of qds occupied by alien plants increased by ~50%, due both to ongoing sampling and to spread. Successful classical biological control programmes have reduced the rate of spread of some taxa and in a few cases have led to range contractions. However, other interventions had no detectable effect at a qds scale.
Conclusions: South Africa has a growing number of invasive alien plant species across an increasing area. More taxa should be listed under national regulations, but ultimately more needs to be done to ensure that management is strategic and effective. SAPIA is a valuable tool for monitoring alien plant status and should be developed further so that invasions can be accurately tracked over time.

Keywords

invasives monitoring and reporting; essential biodiversity variables; effectiveness of national regulations and interventions

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Diversity  vol: 16  issue: 8  first page: 461  year: 2024  
doi: 10.3390/d16080461

74. An assessment of the invasive alien tree, Robinia pseudoacacia canopy traits and its effect on grassland microclimates and subsequent arthropod assemblages
Gerald Chikowore, Grant D. Martin, Frank Chidawanyika
Journal of Insect Conservation  vol: 25  issue: 3  first page: 429  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1007/s10841-021-00311-0

75. The vegetation cover dynamics and potential drivers of habitat change over 30 years in the Free State National Botanical Garden, South Africa
Loyd Rodney Vukeya, Thabiso Michael Mokotjomela, Ntsoaki Joyce Malebo, David Alan Ehlers Smith, Saheed Oke
Regional Environmental Change  vol: 23  issue: 1  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1007/s10113-022-02024-9

76. The prognosis for Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae; tree of heaven) as an invasive species in South Africa; insights from its performance elsewhere in the world
G.A. Walker, M. Gaertner, M.P. Robertson, D.M. Richardson
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 112  first page: 283  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2017.06.007

77. Exploring macrophytes’ microbial populations dynamics to enhance bioremediation in constructed wetlands for industrial pollutants removal in sustainable wastewater treatment
Grace N. Ijoma, Teresa Lopes, Thulani Mannie, Thandazile N. Mhlongo
Symbiosis  vol: 92  issue: 3  first page: 323  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1007/s13199-024-00981-9

78. A SUSPECT under the National Environmental Management Biodiversity Act (NEM:BA) Moringa oleifera's ecological and social costs and benefits
C.V. Mashamaite, P.N. Mothapo, A.J. Albien, P.J. Pieterse, E.E. Phiri
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 129  first page: 249  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2019.07.019

79. Occurrence Record of and Possible Invasion by Scarlet Sage (Salvia coccinea Buc’hoz ex Etl.) in South Africa
Moleseng C. Moshobane, Takalani Nelufule, Tinyiko C. Shivambu, Ndivhuwo Shivambu
Russian Journal of Biological Invasions  vol: 11  issue: 4  first page: 393  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1134/S2075111720040098

80. The distribution and abundance of woody invasive alien plants in small towns in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Tshepiso Collen Seboko, Sheunesu Ruwanza, Charlie Shackleton
Urban Ecosystems  vol: 27  issue: 5  first page: 1877  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1007/s11252-024-01563-9

81. GIRAE: a generalised approach for linking the total impact of invasion to species' range, abundance and per-unit effects
Guillaume Latombe, Jane A. Catford, Franz Essl, Bernd Lenzner, David M. Richardson, John R. U. Wilson, Melodie A. McGeoch
Biological Invasions  vol: 24  issue: 10  first page: 3147  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1007/s10530-022-02836-0

82. Impacts of Gleditsia triacanthos L. (Fabaceae) on soil characteristics: insights from the free state highveld grasslands of South Africa
Thandeka Mahlobo, Sandisiwe Zondo, Grant Martin, Caswell Munyai, Nontembeko Dube
Biological Invasions  vol: 27  issue: 7  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1007/s10530-025-03616-2

83. Progress and Prospects for the Biological Control of Invasive Alien Grasses Poaceae) in South Africa
G Sutton, A. Bownes, V. Visser, A. Mapaura, K. Canavan
African Entomology  vol: 29  issue: 3  year: 2021  
doi: 10.4001/003.029.0837

84. GENETIC DIVERSITY OF INVASIVE PLANTS OF REYNOUTRIA GENUS BASED ON ISSR MARKERS
D. Yakobyshen, Y. Tynkevich, R. Volkov
Biolohichni systemy  vol: 17  issue: 1  first page: 22  year: 2025  
doi: 10.31861/biosystems2025.01.022

85. Recent post-release evaluations of weed biocontrol programmes in South Africa: a summary of what has been achieved and what can be improved
Iain D. Paterson, Samuel N. Motitsoe, Julie A. Coetzee, Martin P. Hill
BioControl  vol: 69  issue: 3  first page: 279  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1007/s10526-023-10215-4

86. Potential Opportunities to Convert Waste to Bio-Based Chemicals at an Industrial Scale in South Africa
Prisha Mandree, George Alex Thopil, Santosh Ramchuran
Fermentation  vol: 9  issue: 10  first page: 908  year: 2023  
doi: 10.3390/fermentation9100908

87. Preliminary Evidence of Foliar Spray Effectiveness Against the Invasive Cactus Cylindropuntia pallida (Rose), F.M. Knuth in South Africa
Keletso Makaota, Thabiso Michael Mokotjomela, Caswell Munyai, Thembelihle Joyce Mbele, Nontembeko Dube
International Journal of Plant Biology  vol: 16  issue: 4  first page: 113  year: 2025  
doi: 10.3390/ijpb16040113

88. Fighting neobiota with neobiota: Consider it more often and do it more rigorously
Yan Sun, Heinz Müller-Schärer, Urs Schaffner
Biological Conservation  vol: 268  first page: 109506  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109506

89. Small urban centres as launching sites for plant invasions in natural areas: insights from South Africa
Phil McLean, Laure Gallien, John R. U. Wilson, Mirijam Gaertner, David M. Richardson
Biological Invasions  vol: 19  issue: 12  first page: 3541  year: 2017  
doi: 10.1007/s10530-017-1600-4

90. A review of the biology, distribution, and germination ecology of sticky nightshade (Solanum sisymbriifolium)
Md Shoriful Islam, John C. Broster, Hanwen Wu, Md Asaduzzaman, Christopher Preston
Crop & Pasture Science  vol: 76  issue: 12  year: 2025  
doi: 10.1071/CP25182

91. Applying an invasion and risk framework to track non-native island floras: a case study of challenges and solutions in Hawai‘i
Kelsey C. Brock, Curtis C. Daehler
NeoBiota  vol: 62  first page: 55  year: 2020  
doi: 10.3897/neobiota.62.52764

92. Introduced non-native mangroves express better growth performance than co-occurring native mangroves
Fatih Fazlioglu, Luzhen Chen
Scientific Reports  vol: 10  issue: 1  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60454-z

93. Genetic Polymorphism of Invasive Species of Knotweed (Reynoutria) Assessed by the matK and rpl32-trnL (UAG) Regions of Chloroplast DNA
Y. O. Tynkevich, A. S. Cherkazianova, I. I. Chorney, I. I. Panchuk, R. A. Volkov
Cytology and Genetics  vol: 59  issue: 3  first page: 259  year: 2025  
doi: 10.3103/S0095452725030089

94. Alien flora of Nigeria: taxonomy, biogeography, habitats, and ecological impacts
Israel T. Borokini, Alessandra Kortz, Quadri A. Anibaba, Arne Witt, Emmanuel I. Aigbokhan, Martin Hejda, Petr Pyšek
Biological Invasions  vol: 25  issue: 12  first page: 3677  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1007/s10530-023-03140-1

95. Distribution of Melaleuca rugulosa (Schlechtendal ex Link) Craven (Myrtaceae) in South Africa: Assessment of invasiveness and feasibility of eradication
Chelsey Matthys, Nolwethu Jubase, Vernon Visser, Sjirk Geerts
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 148  first page: 228  year: 2022  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2022.04.025

96. Implementing a system in South Africa for categorizing the outcomes of weed biological control
V. Cliff Moran, Costas Zachariades, John H. Hoffmann
Biological Control  vol: 153  first page: 104431  year: 2021  
doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104431

97. Indicators for monitoring biological invasions at a national level
John R. U. Wilson, Katelyn T. Faulkner, Sebataolo J. Rahlao, David M. Richardson, Tsungai A. Zengeya, Brian W. van Wilgen, Céline Bellard
Journal of Applied Ecology  vol: 55  issue: 6  first page: 2612  year: 2018  
doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.13251

98. Seed survival of Australian Acacia in the Western Cape of South Africa in the presence of biological control agents and given environmental variation
Matthys Strydom, Ruan Veldtman, Mzabalazo Z. Ngwenya, Karen J. Esler
PeerJ  vol: 7  first page: e6816  year: 2019  
doi: 10.7717/peerj.6816

99. Biological control of cat's claw creeper (Dolichandra unguis‐cati; Bignoniaceae): Current status and future prospects
Kunjithapatham Dhileepan, Anthony M. King, Dianne B. J. Taylor, Kathryn M. Pollard, Marion K. Seier
Annals of Applied Biology  vol: 185  issue: 2  first page: 132  year: 2024  
doi: 10.1111/aab.12930

100. Distribution of invasive alien Tithonia (Asteraceae) species in eastern and southern Africa and the socio-ecological impacts of T. diversifolia in Zambia
Arne B.R. Witt, Ross T. Shackleton, Tim Beale, Winnie Nunda, Brian W. Van Wilgen
Bothalia  vol: 49  issue: 1  year: 2019  
doi: 10.4102/abc.v49i1.2356

101. The dispersal and spread of invasive alien Myrtillocactus geometrizans in the southern Karoo, South Africa
W.R.J. Dean, S.J. Milton
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 121  first page: 210  year: 2019  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2018.11.005

102. The invasive grass genus Nassella in South Africa: A synthesis
Anthony Mapaura, Kim Canavan, David M. Richardson, Vincent R. Clark, Sandy-Lynn Steenhuisen
South African Journal of Botany  vol: 135  first page: 336  year: 2020  
doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.08.031