Closing bodies in the capsular fruits of Ruschioideae (Aizoaceae)—a review

Abstract

Capsular fruits of the Mesembryanthema' are uniquely diverse and have been used to establish groupings within the tribe Ruschieae.The function, structure and development of the closing bodies of the Ruschioideae are reviewed from existing litrature and are supplemented by personal observations, providing a framework for future research aimed at resolving critical issues regarding the structure and taxonomic implications of the closing bodies of the Ruschioideae. The number of species per taxon, distribution and presence or absence of covering membranes and closing bodies within the Mesembryanthema are tabulated.